Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Thoracic spine defects in French bulldogs Pugs and English bulldogs
By Ryan, R et al.·Published in Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2017·Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, United Kingdom·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Prevalence of thoracic vertebral malformations in French bulldogs, Pugs and English bulldogs with and without associated neurological deficits.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A study found that many small breed dogs, especially French bulldogs and Pugs, often have congenital spinal deformities called thoracic vertebral malformations, even if they don't show any symptoms. In a group of 171 healthy dogs, over 80% had at least one of these malformations, with French bulldogs having the highest rates of a specific type called hemivertebrae. While these issues are sometimes seen as incidental findings during unrelated exams, they may be more significant for Pugs, as nearly 5% had clinically relevant problems. It's important for pet owners of these breeds to be aware of these potential issues, even if their dog seems healthy.
People also search for: French bulldog spinal problems · Pug congenital malformations · signs of spinal issues in dogs
Abstract
Congenital vertebral malformations are common incidental findings in small breed dogs. This retrospective observational study evaluated the type and prevalence of thoracic vertebral malformations in 171 neurologically normal and 10 neurologically abnormal screw-tailed brachycephalic dogs. Neurologically normal dogs underwent CT for reasons unrelated to spinal disease, while affected dogs underwent MRI. Imaging studies were reviewed and vertebral malformations including hemivertebrae, block vertebrae, transitional vertebrae, and spina bifida were documented. The group of clinically normal dogs consisted of 62 French bulldogs, 68 Pugs and 41 English bulldogs. The group of affected dogs consisted of one French bulldog and nine Pugs. Overall, 80.7% of neurologically normal animals were affected by at least one vertebral malformation. There was a significant influence of breed, with thoracic vertebral malformations occurring more often in neurologically normal French bulldogs (P <0.0001) and English bulldogs (P = 0.002). Compared to other breeds, hemivertebrae occurred more often in neurologically normal French bulldogs (93.5%; P < 0.0001 vs. Pugs; P = 0.004 vs. English bulldogs) and less often in neurologically normal Pugs (17.6%; P = 0.004 vs. English bulldogs). Neurologically normal Pugs were more often diagnosed with transitional vertebrae and spina bifida compared to other breeds (P <0.0001 for both malformations). Of Pugs included in the study, 4.7% were diagnosed with clinically relevant thoracic vertebral malformations. When compared to the general veterinary hospital population, this was significantly more than the other two breeds (P = 0.006). This study indicates that thoracic vertebral malformations occur commonly in neurologically normal screw-tailed brachycephalic dogs. While hemivertebrae are often interpreted as incidental diagnostic findings, they appear to be of greater clinical importance in Pugs compared to other screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28283076/