Prophylactic Mesh-related Reoperations and Mesh-related Problems During Subsequent Relaparotomies: Long-term Results From the PRIMA Trial.

Abstract

<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate all mesh-related problems during reoperations after mesh reinforcement of the abdominal wall 15 years after the start of the PRIMA trial.<h4>Background</h4>Prophylactic mesh reinforcement during closure of a midline laparotomy has proven to reduce the incidence of incisional hernia, especially in high-risk patients, but long-term mesh-related morbidity is largely unknown.<h4>Methods</h4>Patients receiving a prophylactic onlay or retrorectus mesh in the PRIMA trial between 2009 and 2012 were included on an as-treated basis from participating centers that made reoperation notes available. The main outcomes were the incidences of complications requiring mesh explantation, mesh-related ileus, and mesh-related problems during laparotomy for other diagnoses.<h4>Results</h4>Out of 373 patients randomized to prophylactic mesh reinforcement, 242 were included: 127 with onlay and 115 patients with retrorectus mesh. Median follow-up is 27 months (interquartile range: 12-78). Thirty-four patients underwent reoperation for any reason during the entire follow-up, 22 after onlay (17.3%), and 12 after retrorectus mesh (10.4%). The reoperation rate for complications that required mesh explantation was 4/127 (3.1%) after onlay and 0/115 (0%) after retrorectus mesh. Mesh-related ileus occurred in none of the onlay group, and 3/115 (2.6%) in the retrorectus group. During subsequent laparotomies for other primary diagnoses, adhesions to the mesh were noted in 3/10 patients in the onlay group and 1/5 patients in the retrorectus group. Overall, the mesh was removed in 10/127 (7.9%) in the onlay group and 7/115 (6.1%) patients in the retrorectus group.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In high-risk patients receiving a prophylactic mesh during midline laparotomy closure, low incidences of mesh-related complications requiring reoperation and mesh-related problems during unrelated subsequent laparotomies were found, for both the onlay and retrorectus techniques.