Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Genetic factors affecting breathing in Bulldogs, French Bulldogs
By Ilska, Joanna Jadwiga et al.·Published in PloS one·2026·Health and Breeding Department, United Kingdom·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Quantitative genetic analysis of respiratory function and related traits in Bulldogs, French Bulldogs and Pugs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, and Pugs often struggle with breathing problems due to a condition called Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), which is linked to their short skull shape. A study looked at data from over 4,000 of these dogs to understand the genetic factors behind their respiratory issues. The results showed that certain traits related to breathing could be passed down genetically, suggesting that careful breeding could help improve their respiratory health. By focusing on these traits and encouraging health screenings, breeders can help reduce the occurrence of BOAS and improve the well-being of these beloved breeds.
People also search for: bulldog breathing problems · French Bulldog BOAS treatment · pug respiratory function improvement
Abstract
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a common health issue in brachycephalic breeds like Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, and Pugs, linked to their distinctive skull morphology. Despite its prevalence, the genetic basis of respiratory dysfunction in these breeds remains poorly characterised. To enable selection against BOAS, the Respiratory Function Grading Scheme (RFGS) was established in 2019, where respiratory function of dogs considered for breeding is tested via a standardised exercise test. Here, we analysed RFGS data from over 4,000 dogs, alongside pedigree records, to estimate heritability of respiratory function and assess RFGS participation across the UK Royal Kennel Club registered populations of the three extreme brachycephalic breeds. Moderate heritability estimates for RFGS grade (0.21-0.49), and nostril stenosis (0.31-0.39), with significant genetic correlations between the traits indicate that within-breed selective breeding can improve respiratory health. These findings support the feasibility of breeding programs targeting respiratory function. Implementing such strategies, alongside increased health screening participation, may help mitigate BOAS prevalence and enhance welfare in these popular breeds.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42127146/