Reliability of the Enterprise Point-of-Care (EPOC) blood analyzer's calculated arterial oxygen-hemoglobin saturation in immobilized white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum).

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Enterprise Point-of-Care (EPOC) blood analysis is used routinely in wildlife veterinary practice to monitor blood oxygenation, but the reliability of the EPOC calculated arterial oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (cSaO) has never been validated in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), despite their susceptibility to hypoxemia during chemical immobilization. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the reliability of the EPOC cSaOby comparing it against arterial oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SaO) measured by a co-oximeter reference method in immobilized white rhinoceroses. METHODS: Male white rhinoceroses in two studies (both n = 8) were immobilized by darting with different etorphine-based drug combinations, followed by butorphanol or saline (administered intravenously). Animals in both studies received oxygen via intranasal insufflation after 60 min. Blood samples were drawn, at predetermined time points, from a catheter inserted into the auricular artery and analyzed using the EPOC and a co-oximeter. Bland-Altman (to estimate bias and precision) and area root mean squares (ARMS) plots were used to determine the reliability of the EPOC cSaOcompared with simultaneous co-oximeter SaOreadings. RESULTS: The rhinoceros were acidotic (pH of 7.3 ± 0.1 [mean ± standard deviation]), hypercapnic (PaCOof 73.7 ± 10.5 mmHg), and normothermic (body temperature of 37.4 ± 1.8°C). In total, 389 paired cSaO-SaOmeasurements were recorded (the cSaOranged between 13.2% and 99.0%, and the SaOranged between 11.8% and 99.9%). The EPOC cSaOreadings were unreliable (inaccurate, imprecise, and poor ARMS) across the entire saturation range (bias -6%, precision 5%, and ARMS 8%). CONCLUSIONS: The EPOC cSaOis unreliable and should not be used to monitor blood oxygenation in immobilized white rhinoceroses.