Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
How titanium powder size affects CO2 phase-change agent performance
By Du M et al.·2026·School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, China·View original on Europe PMC →
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Original publication title: Research on the Influence of Titanium Powder Particle Size on the Performance of the CO<sub>2</sub> Phase-Change Excitation Agent under Zero Oxygen Balance.
Plain-English summary
This study looked at how the size of titanium powder particles affects a special CO2 phase-change agent used in various applications. Researchers tested things like how reliably it ignites, how it handles pressure, and its safety when heated. They found that the agent is safe from combustion or explosion at room temperature and can ignite successfully in a controlled environment. Interestingly, smaller titanium particles led to higher peak pressure performance, but the thermal stability of the agent varied with particle size. Overall, the findings suggest that using titanium powder of different sizes does not create safety issues, and the agent remains stable at high temperatures.
Abstract
To study the influence of titanium powder particle size on the performance of the CO<sub>2</sub> phase-change excitation agent, the ignition reliability, pressure performance, thermal decomposition characteristics, safety performance, and temperature-resistance performance are studied by ignition tests, pressure tests, thermogravimetry, temperature-resistance performance tests, and theoretical calculations. The results indicate that after adding titanium powder with particle sizes of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mesh, the excitation agent poses no risk of combustion or explosion when encountering thermal action at room temperature and is successfully ignited inside the tube. The peak pressure is negatively correlated with the particle size of titanium powder. Within the particle size range selected in this study, the peak pressure increased by 5.87%, 11.29%, 14.21%, 15.89%, 17.25%, and 19.22% compared to the original formula. As the particle size of titanium powder decreases, the thermal stability of the excitation agent first increases and then decreases. When the particle size of the added titanium powder is 500 and 600 mesh, the apparent activation energy is increased by 6.80 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup> and decreased by 7.50 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, compared to the original formula. After adding titanium powder with different particle sizes, there is no reaction between the components of the optimized formula at room temperature, and the safety performance is favorable. The temperature indexes <i>T</i> <sub>S</sub> obtained through theoretical calculations are all above 90 °C.
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Search related cases →Original publication on Europe PMC: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42040475