Retrospective analysis of lameness localisation in Western Performance Horses: A ten-year review.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Similar to other high-level athletic disciplines, the western performance horse experiences a variety of orthopaedic conditions as a result of rigorous sport-specific physical demands. While musculoskeletal injury rates have been quantified in other equine disciplines, these data are lacking for the western performance athlete. OBJECTIVES: To identify the most common anatomical regions of lameness in western performance horses being evaluated at the nation's largest sanctioned shows over a 10-year study period. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical records. METHODS: Records of diagnostic analgesia of western performance horses competing at nationally sanctioned shows were retrospectively reviewed over a 10-year period to identify affected limb(s) and lameness localisation patterns. RESULTS: A total of 2267 lameness examinations on 2512 horses were included. The average lameness grade was 2.21/5 with 1504/2267 (56%) cases being primarily forelimb in origin while 1173/2267 (44%) were hindlimb related. Forelimb lameness localised to the distal limb in 40% of cases. The proximal metatarsus/distal tarsus was an identified source of lameness in 16% of cases, followed by the stifle in 9% of cases. All-around western performance horses most commonly presented with a single hindlimb lameness (315/1188, 26.5%) in contrast to reining horses that presented with a single forelimb lameness (135/616, 22%). DISCUSSION: Determining the source of lameness through diagnostic analgesia remains challenging, but the continued assessment of response to diagnostic analgesia may help characterise discipline-specific injuries in western performance horses. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Retrospective review of subjective responses to diagnostic analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: The distal forelimb and distal tarsus/proximal metatarsus were the two most common anatomical regions of lameness based on response to diagnostic analgesia.