Retrospective study of canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases diagnosed from samples originating in northeastern Brazil (2012-2022)

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Lymphoma is a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm that affects canines. Its classification is based on anatomical, histomorphological, cytomorphological, and immunophenotypic characteristics. This study surveyed cases of canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating in Northeastern Brazil from 2012 to 2022, considering epidemiological, histomorphological, and immunophenotypic aspects. One hundred sixteen samples with a prior diagnosis of canine lymphoma were selected, re-evaluated, and classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. The cases originated from eight states in northeastern Brazil. The average age of the animals was 8.38 years, with 54.31% males and 40.52% females, and a prevalence of mixed-breed animals. Regarding the evaluated conditions, 33.62% corresponded to lymph nodes, 31.03% to the skin, and 25.86% to the spleen. Histomorphological and immunophenotypic results presented 50.86% of B-cell lymphomas, highlighting 45.76% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 32.20% splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and 49.13% T-cell lymphoma. Histomorphological and immunophenotypic findings presented 50.86% of B-cell lymphomas, highlighting 45.76% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 32.20% splenic marginal zone lymphoma, and 49.13% T-cell lymphoma. The cutaneous non-epitheliotropic lymphoma represented 43.85%, and the epitheliotropic was 17.54%. The epidemiological profile of canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases in northeastern Brazil is similar to that observed in other regions of Brazil and worldwide. Based on these findings, the authors hypothesize that regional environmental conditions could play a role in the development and progression of this neoplasm. Therefore, continuous monitoring and further regional studies are essential to elucidate its biological behavior.