Review on prevalence, predisposing factors and therapeutic improving for controlling of equine colic

Abstract

Equine colic is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality among horses, which requires a better understanding of the prevalence, the risk factors and the therapeutic developments amongst others. This review will focus on the worldwide prevalence of colic in horses, including breed disposition and management (e.g., diet, stabling) and environmental factors. Predisposing factors include sudden change of ration, parasitic burdens, and low levels of intake of legume forages. Treatment is directed toward early intervention with fluid resuscitation (e.g., lactated Ringer’s solution), pain control (NSAIDs, opioids), and the surgical indications in those with severe disease. Recent advancements in methods of diagnosis (ultrasonography, biomarkers) and treatment strategies supported by evidence based protocols are presented to achieve better results. Opponents raise the issue of the future and suggest the importance of owner education and preventive treatment, and focus on research into probiotics and minimally invasive procedures.