Rutin (Vitamin P) attenuates oxidative stress, modulates cytokine profile, and preserves alveolar bone microarchitecture and density in a rat periodontitis model.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of rutin in experimental periodontitis. DESIGN: Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;8 per group): 1) Healthy Control (HC), 2) Periodontitis (P), 3) P&#x202f;+&#x202f;Rutin 50&#x202f;mg/kg (PR-50), and 4) P&#x202f;+&#x202f;Rutin 100&#x202f;mg/kg (PR-100). Rutin was administered orally throughout the 14-day experimental period. Gingival levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1&#x3b2;), interleukin-10 (IL-10), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant (TOS), and antioxidant status (TAS) were analysed spectrophotometrically. Alveolar bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography, including linear (ABL), volumetric (BV/TV), microarchitectural (BS/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp), and densitometric (GV, HU, BMD) parameters. RESULTS: IL-1&#x3b2;/IL-10 ratio was lower, and IL-10 and GPX levels were higher in PR-100 group than in P group (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). SOD levels were higher in HC and PR-100 groups than in P group (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). OSI was highest in P (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). TOS was higher in P versus HC, whereas TAS was lower in PR-50 versus HC (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). ABL and BV/TV analyses showed significant bone preservation in both rutin groups compared to P (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.01). Microstructural and densitometric indices further confirmed less alveolar bone deterioration in rutin-treated rats. CONCLUSION: Rutin exerts dose-dependent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bone-protective effects in experimental periodontitis, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic agent.