Self-adhesion conductive cardiac patch based on methoxytriethylene glycol-functionalized graphene effectively improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Abnormal electrical activity of the heart following myocardial infarction (MI) may lead to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Graphene-based conductive hydrogels can simulate the microenvironment of myocardial tissue and improve cardiac function post-MI. However, existing methods for preparing graphene and its derivatives suffer from drawbacks such as low purity, complex processes, and unclear structures, which limiting their biological applications. OBJECTIVES: We propose an optimized synthetic route for synthesizing methoxytriethylene glycol-functionalized graphene (TEG-GR) with a defined structure. The aim of this study is to establish a novel self-adhesion conductive cardiac patch based on TEG-GR for protecting cardiac function after MI. METHODS: We optimized π-extension polymerization (APEX) reaction to synthesize TEG-GR. TEG-GR was incorporated into dopamine-modified gelatin (GelDA) to construct conductive cardiac patch (TEG-GR/GelDA). We validated the function of TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch in rat models of MI, and explored the mechanism of TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch by RNA sequencing and molecular biology experiments. RESULTS: Methoxytriethylene glycol side chain endowed graphene with low immunogenicity and superior biological properties without compromising conductivity. In rats, transplantation of TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch onto the infarcted area of heart could more effectively enhance ejection fraction, attenuate collagen deposition, shorten QRS interval and increase vessel density at 28 days post-treatment, compared to non-conductive cardiac patch. Transcriptome analysis indicated that TEG-GR/GelDA cardiac patch could improve cardiac function by maintaining gap junction, promoting angiogenesis, and suppressing cardiomyocytes apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The precision synthesis of polymer with defined functional group expands the application of graphene in biomedical field, and the novel cardiac patch can be a promising candidate for treating MI.