Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
How liver and kidney biopsies detect feline infectious peritonitis
By Giordano, Alessia et al.·Published in Veterinary clinical pathology·2005·Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Igiene e Sanitá, Italy·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Sensitivity of Tru-cut and fine needle aspiration biopsies of liver and kidney for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis.
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A group of 25 cats diagnosed with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) underwent liver and kidney biopsies to check for specific lesions. The study found that liver biopsies using Tru-cut and fine-needle aspiration techniques were more effective at detecting FIP lesions, with success rates of 64% and 82%, respectively. In contrast, kidney biopsies had lower success rates, around 39% to 42%. Combining samples from both biopsy methods improved the chances of accurate diagnosis, especially for the liver. While these techniques can help identify FIP, there is still a risk of false negatives, particularly with kidney samples.
People also search for: cat FIP diagnosis · feline infectious peritonitis biopsy results · cat kidney biopsy sensitivity
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The detection of typical lesions and feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen in tissues is the only conclusive method for making a diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). A positive result using Tru-cut biopsy (TCB) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has high diagnostic specificity, but information about the capacity of these techniques to correctly identify cats with FIP lesions is not available. OBJECTIVES: The diagnostic sensitivity of TCB and FNAB for detecting liver and kidney histologic lesions caused by FIP was evaluated. METHODS: TCB and FNAB specimens collected mainly at necropsy from 25 cats with FIP were analyzed. Diagnostic sensitivity was calculated on the basis of the number of false-negative and true-positive specimens, compared with the number of organs bearing histologic lesions of FIP. RESULTS: Diagnostic sensitivity was higher for hepatic TCB (64%) and FNAB (82%) than for renal (39% and 42%, respectively) procedures. A high percentage of renal cytologic and TCB specimens were inadequate. Combined analysis of TCB and FNAB specimens collected from the same organ increased the diagnostic sensitivity for liver (86%) and kidney (48%). The sensitivity of immunohistochemical/cytochemical analysis was low (11-38% depending on the technique), probably due to variable distribution of feline coronavirus in the lesions. CONCLUSION: Biopsy of liver and kidney can correctly identify FIP lesions. However, false-negative results or inadequate samples occur with moderate frequency, especially for immunochemical analysis. Diagnostic sensitivity may be increased when both TCB and FNAB specimens from the same organ are examined.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16270262/