Seroprevalence of small ruminant lentivirus infections (SRLV) in family farming goats from Alagoas semiarid region, Brazil.

Abstract

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are chronic and progressive diseases caused by retroviruses that pose a serious threat to family farming. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with SRLV infection in goats from family farming properties in Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. In the semiarid region of Alagoas, seventeen family farming properties were visited, distributed across eleven municipalities. An epidemiological questionnaire was administered to collect information on animal management practices and to identify potential risk factors for SRLV. Serological diagnosis of SRLV was performed using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) technique with an in-house kit. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with seropositivity for SRLV. A total of 388 goat serum samples were tested using AGID, resulting in a prevalence of 9.3% (36/388; 95% CI [0.0677-0.1258]). Logistic regression revealed one significant risk factor: "the type of farming" (p < 0.001; OR = 5.13; 95% CI [2.26-11.62]). Given the risk factor identified, it is essential to emphasize prophylactic measures against SRLV during prolonged stabilization periods. The detection of SRLV in family-run livestock operations in socially and economically vulnerable areas of Alagoas underscores the need for public policies that support family farming.