Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Left ventricular volume ranges in healthy Boxer dogs by Simpson's
By Smets, P et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2014·Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Simpson's method of discs for measurement of echocardiographic end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volumes: breed-specific reference ranges in Boxer dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A study measured the heart sizes of healthy Boxer dogs to create reference values for their left ventricular volumes, which can help detect heart problems. The researchers found that the normal range for end-diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the heart before it pumps) is between 49-93 mL/m², and for end-systolic volume (the amount left after pumping) is between 22-50 mL/m². They noted that male Boxers generally had larger heart volumes than females. These reference values can assist veterinarians in assessing heart health in Boxer dogs and identifying potential issues early on.
People also search for: Boxer dog heart size · Boxer heart disease symptoms · heart volume measurement in dogs
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Boxer dogs are predisposed to congenital and adult onset cardiac diseases. Breed-specific reference values for M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic measurements previously have been established. Left ventricular (LV) end-systolic (ESV) and end-diastolic volumes (EDV) can be measured by M-mode or two-dimensional methods, such as Simpson's method of discs (SMOD). Reference ranges for SMOD-derived LV volumes are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine reference intervals for EDV and ESV in Boxer dogs. ANIMALS: Previously collected data from 85 healthy Boxers (37 males and 48 females) were used for analysis. METHODS: Simpson's method of discs-derived EDV and ESV were measured using offline analysis by 1 observer, in both the right parasternal and the left apical views. Measurements were compared between both views and between male and female dogs using a t-test. Reference intervals were established using the mean + 2 × SD. RESULTS: Measurements obtained from both views showed good agreement, and mean EDVI and ESVI, indexed to body surface area (BSA), were calculated. Reference intervals were 49-93 mL/m² for EDVI, and 22-50 mL/m² for ESVI. EDV and ESV were significantly higher in males compared with females, when indexing to BSA, but not when indexing to body weight. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The upper limit for ESVI exceeds the previously suggested cut-off of 30 mL/m² for detection of systolic dysfunction. The reference intervals generated in this study should be useful clinically in the assessment of LV size and function in Boxer dogs.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24428317/