Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Simultaneous detection of antibodies against Apx toxins ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, and ApxIV in pigs with known and unknown Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae exposure using a multiplexing liquid array platform.
- Journal:
- Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
- Year:
- 2014
- Authors:
- Giménez-Lirola, Luis G et al.
- Affiliation:
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine · United States
Plain-English summary
This study looked at a new test for detecting antibodies in pigs that may have been exposed to a bacteria called Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which can cause serious lung infections. Researchers used a special method to test blood samples from pigs that were either infected, vaccinated, or had unknown exposure to the bacteria. They found that the new test was able to identify specific antibodies in infected pigs as early as a week after infection, while vaccinated pigs showed a weak response. The results suggested that older pigs had a higher likelihood of showing antibodies, and overall, this new test was found to be more sensitive and accurate than existing methods. This means it could be a better option for monitoring the disease and ensuring that vaccinations are working effectively.
Abstract
Surveillance for the presence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in a population plays a central role in controlling the disease. In this study, a 4-plex fluorescent microbead-based immunoassay (FMIA), developed for the simultaneous detection of IgG antibodies to repeat-in-toxin (RTX) toxins (ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, and ApxIV) of A. pleuropneumoniae, was evaluated using (i) blood serum samples from pigs experimentally infected with each of the 15 known A. pleuropneumoniae serovars or with Actinobacillus suis, (ii) blood serum samples from pigs vaccinated with a bacterin containing A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, 3, 5, or 7, and (iii) blood serum samples from pigs with an unknown A. pleuropneumoniae exposure status. The results were compared to those obtained in a previous study where a dual-plate complement fixation test (CFT) and three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were conducted on the same sample set. On samples from experimentally infected pigs, the 4-plex Apx FMIA detected specific seroconversion to Apx toxins as early as 7 days postinfection in a total of 29 pigs inoculated with 14 of the 15 A. pleuropneumoniae serovars. Seroconversion to ApxII and ApxIII was detected by FMIA in pigs inoculated with A. suis. The vaccinated pigs showed poor humoral responses against ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, and ApxIV. In the field samples, the humoral response to ApxIV and the A. pleuropneumoniae seroprevalence increased with age. This novel FMIA (with a sensitivity of 82.7% and a specificity of 100% for the anti-ApxIV antibody) was found to be more sensitive and accurate than current tests (sensitivities, 9.5 to 56%; specificity, 100%) and is potentially an improved tool for the surveillance of disease and for monitoring vaccination compliance.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24226091/