Statins in Orthodontics: Pharmacological Modulation of Relapse and Tooth Movement.

Abstract

The primary aim of orthodontic treatment is to achieve optimal dental alignment and functional occlusion. However, several complications, such as root resorption, inflammatory reactions, anchorage instability, delayed tooth movement, and post-treatment relapse, may compromise long-term treatment outcomes. Statins are well-known antihyperlipidemic agents and among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. Recently, statins have attracted attention as potential adjuvants in orthodontic therapy, with several preclinical findings suggesting their ability to prevent orthodontic relapse and influence the rate of tooth movement due to their anti-inflammatory, osteoanabolic, immunomodulatory, angiogenic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. However, variations in statin type and dosage, route of administration, and safety profile remain considerable limitations. Furthermore, the absence of high-quality human trials and insufficient methodological rigor across existing evidence continues to restrict their translation into clinical practice. This narrative review explores the mechanisms through which statins may exert their therapeutic effects as adjuncts in orthodontic treatments, discusses the current body of evidence, and highlights the limitations currently impeding their clinical application in orthodontics.