Successful surgical management of a complex temporal bone defect with brain contusion, meningocele, and CSF leak: A case report.

Abstract

<h4>Introduction</h4>Brain tissue can herniate through skull base defects, resulting in a condition known as Meningoencephalocele; it is always a surgical disease with many approaches (transmastoid, middle cranial fossa, and combined approach).<h4>Case presentation</h4>A 27-year-old male presented with right ear otorrhea, hearing loss, tinnitus, and headache. His medical history included a cranioplasty with a titanium mesh for repairing a skull fracture after head trauma and two episodes of meningitis with hospitalization. Physical examination revealed ear deformity and a pulsatile mass. Imaging studies confirmed a large tegmen tympani defect with meningocele and brain contusion. A transmastoid approach was used to repair the defect and address the CSF leak. Postoperatively, the patient's symptoms resolved, and hearing improved with no complications noted during follow-up.<h4>Discussion</h4>This article highlights the complexity and challenges involved in managing such a case, given the accompanying complications and symptoms; and the effectiveness of a well-planned surgical approach.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Prompt diagnosis of CSF otorrhea is crucial. Clinical examination, endoscopy, and imaging are essential to identify the defect. The optimal surgical approach is determined by the defect's size, location, and the patient's condition, in conjunction with the surgeon's expertise.