Synergistic effects of multi-enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestion and absorption in the foregut and hindgut.

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary multi-enzyme (MCPC) supplementation on synergistically enhancing the functions of both the foregut and hindgut, ultimately improving the nutrient digestion and utilization throughout the gastrointestinal tract.results demonstrated that MCPC increased the phosphorus and reducing sugar levels in the supernatant during enzymatic hydrolysis. Furthermore, during the fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysis products, MCPC significantly increased the FRDvalue of the enzymatic hydrolysis products from both the positive control (PC) and negative control 1 (NC1) diets (&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). MCPC reduced the Tvalue offermentation products from the PC diet (&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.01), and decreased the V(&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.082) and K (&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05) values for the NC1 diet. Additionally, 72 crossbred barrows [Duroc &#xd7; (Landrace &#xd7; Yorkshire)], weighing 25&#x202f;kg, were fed one of six diets until their live weight approached 50&#x202f;kg. The basal diets consisted of PC, NC1 and negative control 2 (NC2), while the remaining three diets were prepared by adding 100&#x202f;mg/kg MCPC to the respective basal diets. The results showed that MCPC supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of solute carrier family 17 member 4 () and vitamin D receptor () genes in the duodenum (<&#x202f;0.05), while downregulating the expression of Calbindin-D28k () and solute carrier family 1 member 4 () genes (<&#x202f;0.05) in growing pigs. Moreover, MCPC supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of, glucose transporter 2 () and intestinal fatty acid binding protein () genes in the jejunum of growing pigs. Furthermore, MCPC supplementation significantly increased the relative abundances of,and(<&#x202f;0.05), while reducing the relative abundances ofand(<&#x202f;0.05) in the colon of growing pigs. In conclusion, MCPC enhances nutrient digestion and absorption in the foregut, provides fermentable substrates for hindgut microbial fermentation, and improves gut microbiota composition. This improves hindgut fermentation and supports the synergistic interaction between the foregut and hindgut, ultimately improving nutrient utilization and benefiting animal health.