Systematic review on occupational medicine training in European medical schools.

Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>Occupational medicine (OM) plays a pivotal role in the prevention of work-related diseases, re-integration, and health promotion. However, the field faces significant challenges, including a shortage of specialists, a lack of appeal to medical graduates, and lack of visibility and support from authorities. We approached the need to enhance pre-graduate training of future doctors, which could address these challenges but is currently deemed suboptimal.<h4>Aims</h4>This systematic review aims to evaluate the status, trends, and future perspectives of undergraduate OM education in Europe.<h4>Methods</h4>A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases up to July 2024. The review includes studies on OM undergraduate training from Europe. Using the PRISMA flow diagram, from an initial finding of 589 studies, this systematic review analysed 22 studies.<h4>Results</h4>The analysis showed wide variability in OM education across Europe, with a declining trend in training over time. Most studies (54%) focused on the UK, and 74% collected data from students. Common methods included e-case learning, team-based learning and workplace visits. While students' knowledge and attitudes improved, interest in OM careers remained unchanged.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Improvements in OM education are necessary to address its precarious status. A shared framework could be a promising starting point. Effective strategies, funding, support, and investment are needed.