The Diagnostic Yield of Whole-body Computed Tomography in Dogs and Cats in the Oncology Setting.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIM: Clinical staging has become essential in veterinary oncology. It is crucial for creating effective treatment plans and predicting outcomes. Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) can serve as a comprehensive staging examination, offering a detailed view of a patient's internal anatomy. This retrospective study aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of WBCT in diagnosing cancer in dogs and cats. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed medical records of cats and dogs that underwent a WBCT scan between January 2016 and May 2023. Only cases with a confirmed cytological or histological diagnosis of the primary tumor and complete medical records were considered. We collected data on histological diagnoses and diagnostic methods used. RESULTS: Our study included 57 animals that underwent WBCT for cancer-related reasons. Metastases were detected in 14 dogs, with four showing metastases in multiple locations, five in the lungs, three in the lymph nodes, one in the skeleton, and one in the liver, yielding a diagnostic rate of 31.8%. In cats, metastases were detected in six cases (five in the lungs and one in the lymph nodes), with a diagnostic yield of 46.2%. WBCT identified metastasis in over 35% of cases, including those outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, indicating potentially greater accuracy than radiography and ultrasound. CONCLUSION: WBCT is an effective and safe method for tumor staging and oncological diagnosis in dogs and cats.