Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Fecal bacteria and toxin levels in cats with kidney disease
By Summers, Stacie C. et al.Ā·Published in Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineĀ·2019Ā·College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Fort Collins, Colorado, United StatesĀ·View original on Crossref ā
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Original publication title: The fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate in cats with chronic kidney disease
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A group of cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) showed changes in their gut bacteria and higher levels of a harmful substance called indoxyl sulfate in their blood. Researchers compared 30 cats with CKD to 11 healthy older cats and found that the CKD cats had less diversity in their gut bacteria. While the levels of another substance, p-cresol sulfate, were similar in both groups, the increased indoxyl sulfate levels suggest that even cats with early-stage CKD may be at risk for toxin buildup. This information could help veterinarians better understand and manage kidney disease in cats.
People also search for: cat chronic kidney disease symptoms Ā· cat kidney disease gut bacteria Ā· indoxyl sulfate levels in cats
Abstract
Abstract Background Intestinal dysbiosis has been documented in humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is thought to contribute to production of the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (pCS). Characteristics of the fecal microbiome in cats with CKD and correlation to serum concentrations of uremic toxins are unknown. Objectives To characterize the fecal microbiome and measure serum IS and pCS concentrations of cats with CKD in comparison to healthy older cats. Animals Thirty client-owned cats with CKD (International Renal Interest Society stages 2-4) and 11 older (ā„8 years) healthy control cats. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional study. Fecal samples were analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and Escherichia coli quantitative PCR (qPCR). Serum concentrations of IS and pCS measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results Cats with CKD had significantly decreased fecal bacterial diversity and richness. Escherichia coli qPCR showed no significant difference in bacteria count between control and CKD cats. Cats with stage 2 (P = .01) and stages 3 and 4 (P = .0006) CKD had significantly higher serum IS concentrations compared to control cats. No significant difference found between stage 2 and stages 3 and 4 CKD. The pCS concentrations were not significantly different between CKD cats and control cats. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Decreased fecal microbiome diversity and richness is associated with CKD in cats. Indoxyl sulfate concentration is significantly increased with CKD, and cats with stage 2 CKD may suffer from a similar uremic toxin burden as do cats with later stage disease.
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Search related cases āOriginal publication on Crossref: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15389