The identification of <i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> infection and therapeutic influence of fruit <i>Cordia myxa</i> and curcumin extracts on broiler chickens.

Abstract

<h4>Background</h4><i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> is a major foodborne pathogen and affects the poultry industry as well.<h4>Aim</h4>This study aimed to find out how well extracts of <i>Cordia myxa (C. myxa)</i> and curcumin protect chickens from S. enteritidis infection.<h4>Method</h4>We bred 75 newly hatched Ros 308s after 10 days. The negative control was the only group that was not infected. The other four groups of broiler chicks in each group were infected by 1 × 107 cfu S. enteritidis 147, which is known to be resistant to nalidixic acid. Group 3 received a standard feed supplemented with curcumin at 400 mg/kg. Group 4 received a standard diet and 500 mg/kg of extract in drinking water. Lastly, Group 5 received a standard feed supplemented with 400 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of extract in drinking water.<h4>Results</h4>The obtained results showed that broilers that were infected with <i>S. enteritidis</i> and given curcumin and <i>C. myxia</i> did better in terms of body weight, IgG, and IgA levels than the positive untreated group. In particular, <i>C. myxia</i> was better than curcumin in IgA. Even though curcumin or mixed therapy raised glutathione, it also decreased the number of heterophils (heterophilia) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α). This happened because the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes was reduced in the groups that got curcumin or <i>C. myxa</i>. The number of goblet cells also was raised. The intestinal villi stayed the same.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The combination of <i>C. myxa</i> and curcumin inhibits the growth of <i>S. enteritidis</i>, provides antioxidants, reduces free radicals, and improves intestinal tissue.