The Impact of Smartphone Use on Brain Function in Adolescence: A Scoping Review.

Abstract

<i>Background/Objectives</i>: The proportion of teenagers with access to a smartphone has reached 89 percent, marking a large increase in access to technology. Adolescence is a period of neuroplasticity where functional, structural, and systemic changes occur. Teenagers have experienced more persistent feelings of sadness and suicidality in recent years than ever before. Given the changes in this generation of adolescents and because adolescence is a period of neuroplasticity, this study seeks to understand the effects of smartphone use in adolescence. <i>Methods</i>: This scoping review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A total of 104 articles met the criteria for inclusion. <i>Results</i>: Analysis of results revealed five key themes: Psychological Disturbances (<i>n</i> = 52), Sleep (<i>n</i> = 43), Socioemotional Function (<i>n</i> = 23), Executive Function (<i>n</i> = 14), and Sensory Processing (<i>n</i> = 1). <i>Conclusions</i>: Results suggest that smartphones have a variety of effects on adolescent brain function that are primarily negative. The results of this study can inform the general population about the ways in which smartphone usage affects adolescent brain functioning. Further research is warranted to determine a causal relationship between smartphone use and adolescent brain functioning.