The improvement of immunity and activation of TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway by Romboutsia ilealis in broilers.

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Romboutsia ilealis on the immune function of broilers and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 48 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to 4 groups as follows: broilers treated daily with 1&#xa0;mL live R. ilealis in general anaerobic medium broth media (0, 1&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;104, 1&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;106, and 1&#x2005;&#xd7;&#x2005;108 CFU/mL) from days 1 to 7. Samples were collected on days 8 and 14. The results showed that R. ilealis had no negative effect on the body weight of broilers (P&#x2005;>&#x2005;0.05). R. ilealis significantly increased the levels of lysozyme, IFN-&#x3b3;, IFN-&#x3b3;/IL-4, and IgG in the serum (P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.05). R. ilealis significantly increased the levels of IL-4, IFN-&#x3b3;, sIgA, lysozyme, and iNOS in the ileal mucosa (P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.05). R. ilealis significantly increased the mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, NF-&#x3ba;B, IL-1&#x3b2;, TNF-&#x3b1;, IFN-&#x3b3;, IgA, pIgR, iNOS, and MHC-II in the ileum (P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.05). R. ilealis significantly increased the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Paracoccus in the jejunum and ileum, ileal Candidatus Arthromitus, and cecal Romboutsia and Intestinimonas (P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Enterococcus, Paracoccus, Romboutsia, and Intestinimonas were significantly positively correlated with humoral immune function (P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.05). In conclusion, R. ilealis boosted the immune system, activated the intestinal TLR2/NF-&#x3ba;B signaling pathway, and improved the gut microbiota in broilers.