The pharmacology activities of <i>Angelica keiskei</i> Koidzumi and its efficacy and safety in humans.

Abstract

Chronic exposure to elevated levels of pro-oxidant factors may cause structural failings at the mitochondrial DNA level and alteration of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase). Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the capacity of endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, alpha-lipoic acid, uric acid, ferritin, metallothionein, melatonin, and bilirubin) and the occurrence of pro-oxidant factors which may lead to the pathogenesis of various diseases that affects the kidneys, pancreas, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Therefore, the utilization of medicinal plants with antioxidant activity, e.g., <i>Angelica keiskei</i> Koidzumi which contains chalcones, is interesting to be explored. Chalcones exhibit direct and indirect antioxidant activity and prevent oxidative stress by decreasing ROS, RNS, and superoxide production. In this review, we discuss the pharmacology activities of <i>A. keiskei</i> Koidzumi and its efficacy in humans. The articles were explored on PubMed and Google Scholar databases and based on the titles and abstracts related to the topic of interest, and 55 articles were selected. Two main chalcones of this plant, 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol, have been reported for their various pharmacology activities. The efficacy of <i>A. keiskei</i> was confirmed in anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetes mellitus, and increasing plasma antioxidants in patients with metabolic syndrome. <i>A keiskei</i> is safe as proven by only mild or no adverse events reported, thus it is prospective to be further developed as an antioxidant nutraceutical.