The sentinel against brain injury post-subarachnoid hemorrhage: efferocytosis of erythrocytes by leptomeningeal lymphatic endothelial cells.

Abstract

The clearance of extravasated erythrocytes represents the most reasonable strategy against brain injury post-subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There is little knowledge about the autologous clearance of extravasated erythrocytes post-SAH. The leptomeningeal lymphatic endothelial cells (LLECs) have been less studied functionally, which were firstly harvested and culturedby our group previously and are probably related to the clearance of extravasated erythrocytes post-SAH for they closely surround subarachnoid space.We established a SAH animal model, employed primary LLECs, mimicked the conditions of the SAH, performed RNA sequencing, and transfected LLECs with adenovirus and adeno-associated virus bothandto reveal the molecular mechanisms of efferocytosis of erythrocytes by LLECs and its neuroprotection post-SAH.Firstly, we demonstrated the eryptosis-initiated degradation of extravasated erythrocytes. Furthermore, we found LLECs preferentially adhered and engulfed apoptotic erythrocytesandwhile sparing from intact erythrocytes, suggesting their novel capacity in the efferocytosis of erythrocytes. Additionally, the efferocytosis of erythrocytes by LLECs plays a role on neuroprotection via improving neurological functions, maintaining neurostructural integrity, and alleviating neuropathological consequences post-SAH. During efferocytosis, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) mediated the recognition of apoptotic erythrocytes by LLECs. We also confirmed that NHL repeat-containing 2 (NHLRC2) positively regulated the efferocytosis of erythrocytes by LLECs to serve as a central regulator in it mediated neuroprotection post-SAH.This study elucidated the efferocytosis of erythrocytes by LLECs and subsequently neuroprotection post-SAH. These findings highlight a prompt, efficient, and regulable pathway for the autologous clearance of extravasated erythrocytes that performs as a sentinel against brain injury post-SAH.