Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
The Shoulder Joint and Common Abnormalities.
- Journal:
- The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice
- Year:
- 2021
- Authors:
- Stokes, Rebecca & Dycus, David
- Affiliation:
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences · United States
- Species:
- dog
Abstract
The shoulder is a complex joint composed mostly of static and dynamic capsuloligamentous structures and plays an important role in forelimb lameness. Its complex anatomy and biomechanics necessitate thorough examination and diagnostic work-up for accurate diagnosis. This article provides an updated review of common canine shoulder pathologies, including osteochondrosis, bicipital and supraspinatus tendinopathies, infraspinatus contracture, medial shoulder syndrome, and luxation.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33446362/