Therapeutic potential of 7-hydroxyflavone in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome via regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, hormonal and biochemical dysregulation.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynaecological and endocrinological disorder that causes anovulatory infertility affecting 4-10% of women of reproductive age. Although current therapeutic options exist, many are accompanied by adverse effects, underscoring the need for safer and more effective alternatives. 7-Hydroxyflavone (7-HF), a natural flavonoid, has demonstrated notable biological properties; however, its therapeutic potential in PCOS remains unexplored. The current study aimed to explore the possible role of 7-HF in treating letrozole-induced PCOS in rats. METHODS: PCOS was induced in Female Wistar Rats by the administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg, p.o.) for 21 days. After induction, rats were treated with 7-Hydroxyflavone at various doses (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. RESULT: Letrozole-induced PCOS was characterized by disrupted estrous cycle, increased body and ovarian weights, cystic ovarian follicles, altered metabolic and hormonal levels, enhanced oxidative stress (elevated LPO, SOD; reduced GSH), and elevated inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha and IL-6). Treatment with 7-Hydroxyflavone significantly mitigated these alterations, restored normal estrous cycles and hormonal balance, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved ovarian histology in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence that 7-Hydroxyflavone effectively mitigates letrozole-induced PCOS manifestations in rats, likely through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endocrine-modulating effects. These findings support the therapeutic potential of 7-HF as a novel candidate for PCOS management.