Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Magnesium levels in cats with kidney disease and kidney stones
By Chacar, Fernanda Chicharo et al.·Published in Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery·2019·Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Brazil·View original on Crossref →
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Original publication title: Total serum magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease with nephrolithiasis
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A group of cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney stones were tested for their magnesium levels to see how it affected their health. The study found that many of these cats had either too much magnesium (hypermagnesemia) or too little (hypomagnesemia), which was linked to a higher risk of death, regardless of how advanced their kidney disease was. Interestingly, the magnesium levels did not differ between cats with and without kidney stones. This suggests that monitoring magnesium levels in CKD cats could help predict their health outcomes.
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Abstract
Objectives Magnesium has been ‘the forgotten ion’ for many years. Over the past decade, however, the role of magnesium in essential physiological functions and several illness conditions have been elucidated. Nevertheless, the investigation of magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nephrolithiasis is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CKD cats with nephrolithiasis have changes in total serum magnesium concentrations, and whether magnesium disorders may be associated with other electrolyte disturbances, as well as with prognosis. We also aimed to evaluate whether total serum magnesium concentration differs between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis. Methods Total serum magnesium concentrations were assessed in 42 cats with CKD with stage 1–4 nephrolithiasis. The correlation between magnesium and other electrolytes, as well as Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, were performed. We also selected 14 control cats with CKD without nephrolithiasis age-matched with 14 cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis. Results Hypermagnesemia was observed in 16/42 (38.1%) and hypomagnesemia in 6/42 (14.3%) cats. Serum magnesium abnormalities were observed in cats of all stages, and marked hypermagnesemia was noted in cats with stage 4 CKD with nephrolithiasis ( P <0.001). There was a negative correlation between total serum magnesium and ionized calcium ( r = −0.64; P <0.01), and a positive correlation between total serum magnesium and serum phosphorus ( r = 0.58, P = 0.01). Cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis and hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia had higher mortality than those with normal total serum magnesium concentration ( P <0.01), regardless of CKD stage. There was no difference in total serum magnesium concentration between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis. Conclusions and relevance Cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis have magnesium abnormalities. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were associated with an increase in mortality, and thus total serum magnesium abnormalities may be used as prognostic factors in these cases.
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Search related cases →Original publication on Crossref: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18823588