Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Canine distemper antibody tests predict vaccine protection in dogs
By Jensen, Wayne A et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc·2015·Totten)Department of Clinical Sciences, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Use of serologic tests to predict resistance to Canine distemper virus-induced disease in vaccinated dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
Two unvaccinated Beagle puppies and nine unvaccinated adult Beagle dogs were exposed to the Canine distemper virus (CDV) to see how their immune systems responded. The unvaccinated adult dogs showed signs of illness, with one dog dying, while the puppies had even more severe reactions and either died or were euthanized. In contrast, nine vaccinated adult Beagle dogs showed no signs of illness after being exposed to the virus, indicating that the vaccine provided strong protection for at least 4.4 years. This study highlights the importance of vaccination against CDV and suggests that checking for specific antibodies can help predict a dog's resistance to the virus.
People also search for: dog distemper vaccine effectiveness · Beagle puppy vaccination · Canine distemper virus symptoms · vaccinated dog exposure to distemper
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine whether detection of Canine distemper virus (CDV)-specific serum antibodies correlates with resistance to challenge with virulent virus. Virus neutralization (VN) assay results were compared with resistance to viral challenge in 2 unvaccinated Beagle puppies, 9 unvaccinated Beagle dogs (4.4-7.2 years of age), and 9 vaccinated Beagle dogs (3.7-4.7 years of age). Eight of 9 (89%) unvaccinated adult dogs exhibited clinical signs after virus challenge, and 1 (13%) dog died. As compared to adult dogs, the 2 unvaccinated puppies developed more severe clinical signs and either died or were euthanized after challenge. In contrast, no clinical signs were detected after challenge of the 9 adult vaccinated dogs with post-vaccination intervals of up to 4.4 years. In vaccinated dogs, the positive and negative predictive values of VN assay results for resistance to challenge were 100% and 0%, respectively. Results indicate that dogs vaccinated with modified live CDV can be protected from challenge for ≤4.4 years postvaccination and that detection of virus-specific antibodies is predictive of whether dogs are resistant to challenge with virulent virus. Results also indicate that CDV infection in unvaccinated dogs results in age-dependent morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of age-dependent morbidity and mortality, duration of vaccine-induced immunity, and the positive and negative predictive values of detection of virus-specific serum antibodies are useful in development of rational booster vaccination intervals for the prevention of CDV-mediated disease in adult dogs.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26330396/