Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Vaccine research for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
By Park, Seok-Chan et al.·Published in Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)·2024·Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, South Korea·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of dogs was vaccinated against a dangerous virus called the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), which can potentially be transmitted to humans. The dogs received three doses of an inactivated vaccine, and when later exposed to the virus, those vaccinated showed no signs of illness and had no detectable virus in their systems. In contrast, unvaccinated dogs experienced severe symptoms and damage to their spleens. This study suggests that the inactivated SFTSV vaccine is effective in protecting dogs from this serious viral infection.
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Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38635002/