Variations in the Behaviour, Survival, Haematology, and Biochemistry of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass Carp) After Exposure to Commercial Grade Atrazine.

Abstract

The current study assessed the harmful effects of Atrazine (ATZ) herbicide on haematology and biochemistry of the freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella, a commercially significant fish in Pakistan. C. idella (13&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;8.4&#xa0;cm; 132&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;5.6&#xa0;g) was exposed to graded levels of ATZ, and its 96-hour LCvalue at 25&#xb0;C was calculated to be 150.5&#xa0;&#xb5;l/L. After exposure to ATZ, fish displayed rapid movements, a loss of balance in position and equilibrium, anxious swimming patterns, colour changes, and increased mucous production. The MCHC, MCH, RBCs, and Hb in C. idella decreased significantly (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), whereas the MCV, Ht, and WBCs were significantly increased (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). At different time intervals (24, 48, 72, and 96&#xa0;h) following ATZ administration (50, 100, 150, and 200&#xa0;&#xb5;l/L), biochemical analysis significantly decreased (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) triglyceride, total protein, cholesterol, and albumin levels, whereas glucose levels significantly increased (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). We concluded that ATZ is toxic to C. idella, altering their haematology and blood biochemistry even after only a brief exposure.