Voriconazole-Loaded Nanohydrogels Towards Optimized Antifungal Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

Abstract

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Filamentous fungi, in particular the species <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Scedosporium</i>, and <i>Exophiala</i>, frequently colonize the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Chronic colonization is linked to hypersensitivity reactions and persistent infections leading to a significant long-term decline in lung function. Azole antifungal therapy such as voriconazole (VRC) slows disease progression, particularly in patients with advanced CF; however, excessive mucus production in CF lungs poses a diffusional barrier to effective treatment. <b>Methods</b>: Here, biodegradable nanohydrogels (NHGs) recently developed as nanocarriers were evaluated for formulating VRC as a platform for treating fungal infections in CF lungs. The NHGs entrapped up to about 30 μg/mg of VRC, and physicochemical properties were investigated via dynamic laser light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Diameters were 100-400 nm, and excellent colloidal stability was demonstrated in interstitial fluids, indicating potential for pulmonary delivery. Nano-formulations exhibited high in vitro cytocompatibility in A549 and HEK293T cells and were tested for the release of VRC under two different sink conditions. <b>Results</b>: Notably, the antifungal activity of VRC-loaded nanohydrogels was up to eight-fold greater than an aqueous suspension drug against different fungal species isolated from CF sputum, regardless of the presence of a CF artificial mucus layer. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings support the development of potent VRC nano-formulations for treating fungal disorders in CF lungs.