Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
A preliminary evaluation of the circulating leptin/adiponectin ratio in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and concurrent diabetes mellitus.
- Journal:
- Domestic animal endocrinology
- Year:
- 2021
- Authors:
- Kim, H et al.
- Affiliation:
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and College of Veterinary Medicine · South Korea
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
This study looked at how certain substances in the blood, called leptin and adiponectin, relate to diabetes in dogs with a condition known as pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), which affects hormone levels. Researchers tested 48 dogs, including those with PDH, some with diabetes, and healthy dogs. They found that dogs with PDH had higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin, especially if they also had diabetes. The results suggest that the balance of these substances might affect how well the body handles insulin and could make dogs with PDH more likely to develop diabetes. Overall, the findings indicate that there are changes in these blood markers that could be linked to diabetes in dogs with PDH, but more research is needed to confirm this.
Abstract
Leptin and adiponectin are thought to modulate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, but there is limited information regarding the adipokine status of hyperglycemic dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in the leptin/adiponectin ratio, insulin sensitivity, and/or pancreatic β-cell function are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). A total of 48 client-owned dogs were included in this prospective observational study: 20 dogs with PDH (10 normoglycemic and 10 with DM), 15 dogs with DM, and 13 healthy dogs. The serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured, and homeostatic model assessment indices (HOMAs) were calculated and compared among the groups. Serum leptin was significantly higher in PDH dogs with and without DM than in healthy and DM dogs, and it was lower in DM dogs than in PDH dogs without DM. Serum adiponectin was significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs, and it was significantly lower in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-10 was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy and PDH dogs without DM. The leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly higher in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs. Serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs. Serum IL-1β concentration was significantly higher in DM dogs than in healthy dogs and PDH dogs with DM and without DM. Serum TNF-α and IL-18 concentrations were not different among groups. The HOMAwas significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in normoglycemic PDH dogs, while HOMAwas significantly lower in PDH dogs with DM than in healthy dogs. These results suggest that adipokine dysregulation, a reduction in insulin sensitivity, and a further impairment in pancreatic β-cell function might predispose PDH dogs to DM. Further longitudinal study will be necessary to confirm this result.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32920447/