Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Ampicillin drug levels in dogs with and without kidney disease
By Monaghan, Kelly N et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2021·Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in azotemic and healthy dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of dogs with acute kidney injury received a single intravenous dose of ampicillin to see how their bodies processed the medication compared to healthy dogs. The study found that the dogs with kidney disease had much higher levels of ampicillin in their blood and cleared the drug more slowly than the healthy dogs. This means that dogs with kidney problems may need a lower dose of ampicillin to avoid potential side effects. Adjusting the dosage for dogs with kidney issues is important to ensure their safety when receiving this antibiotic.
People also search for: dog kidney disease treatment · ampicillin dosage for dogs · antibiotic side effects in dogs
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about effects of factors such as kidney disease, affecting ampicillin pharmacokinetics in dogs. OBJECTIVES: Determine the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin after a single intravenous dose in healthy and azotemic dogs. ANIMALS: Nine dogs presenting with acute kidney injury and 10 healthy dogs. METHODS: This was a prospective study. An ampicillin dose of 22.2 mg/kg (mean dose) was administered once intravenously. Blood samples were obtained at timed intervals (just before administration, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 hours), analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography followed by pharmacokinetic analysis of the plasma drug concentrations. RESULTS: Peak ampicillin concentration (mcg/mL; 97.07 (36.1) vs 21.3 (50.26)), P<.001 (geometric mean (coefficient of variation, CV%)), half-life (hours; 5.86 (56.55) vs 0.97 (115.3)), P<.001) and AUC (h × mcg/mL; 731.04 (83.75) vs 33.57 (53.68)), P<.001) were greater in azotemic dogs than in healthy dogs. Azotemic dogs also had significantly lower clearance (30.06 (84.19) vs 655.03 (53.67); mL/kg h, P < .001) and volume of distribution (253.95 (30.14) vs 916.93 (135.24); mL/kg, P <.001) compared to healthy dogs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Increased drug concentrations and slower clearance of ampicillin in azotemic dogs could have clinical importance in contributing to antibiotic associated morbidity requiring indicating the need to adjust ampicillin dosing in dogs with decreased kidney function.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33474795/