Benign prostatic hyperplasia after prostatic arterial embolization in a canine model: A 3T multiparametric MRI and whole-mount step-section pathology correlated longitudinal study.

Abstract

PURPOSE: To explore the morphological and functional characteristics of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) in a canine model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) and whole-mount step-section pathology correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight adult male beagle dogs with hormone-induced BPH underwent 3T mp-MRI before and 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE, with subsequent whole-mount step-section pathologic assessment. Images were acquired using T-weighted images (TWI), TWI, 3D-SPACE, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), T-mapping, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) sequences. Variance analysis was performed to assess statistical differences in prostatic volume (PV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and Tvalues. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to correlate ADC, T, and PV. RESULTS: The PV decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (25.88 ± 7.09) cmto (6.48 ± 2.08) cm, (6.48 ± 3.39) cm, (6.20 ± 2.88) cm. The ADC values sequentially decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (1497.06 ± 222.72) × 10mm/s to (1056.00 ± 189.46) × 10mm/s, (950.48 ± 77.85) × 10mm/s, (980.98 ± 107.78) × 10mm/s. The Tvalues decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE were (83.74 ± 5.29) msec, (68.72 ± 5.66) msec, (53.96 ± 15.04) msec, (49.81 ± 13.34) msec, respectively. ADC and Tvalues were positively correlated with PV (r = 0.823 and 0.744, respectively). Microhemorrhages and hemosiderin were found on SWI after PAE. CONCLUSION: 3T mp-MRI may facilitate noninvasive assessment of morphological and functional changes of BPH after PAE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1220-1229.