Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Immune-mediated skin disease causing swelling and ulcers in two dogs
By Kim, Soomin et al.·Published in Frontiers in veterinary science·2022·Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, South Korea·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Case report: Uncommon immune-mediated skin disease involving systemic disorders in dogs.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A 6-year-old Pug was brought in with severe skin swelling, redness, and a fever after receiving a medication for vomiting. Blood tests showed low blood cell counts and signs of inflammation, leading to a diagnosis of acute systemic hypersensitivity. Another case involved a 13-month-old Pembroke Welsh Corgi with painful, ulcerated skin lesions, diagnosed with an immune-mediated disease. A 12-year-old Pomeranian had severe hair loss and skin pustules, linked to immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. All three dogs were treated with immune-suppressive medications, including prednisolone and cyclosporine, and showed significant improvement.
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Abstract
Case 1, a 6-year-old, spayed female Pug, presented with severe systemic urticaria, edema, and erythema. The dog had received a famotidine injection as a treatment for repeated vomiting in another hospital. On physical examination, hyperthermia was observed. Moderate pancytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased CRP and D-dimer were also observed in blood tests. Hyposthenuric proteinuria, pulmonary interstitial infiltration, and hepatomegaly were found in other tests. In the histology of the skin, dermal edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed. Therefore, she was diagnosed with acute systemic hypersensitivity. Case 2, a 13-month-old, neutered male Pembroke welsh corgi, presented with severe and patchy systemic ulcerative skin lesions. The dog had a history of soft feces and pain around the anus 2 days before. Thrombocytopenia, and increased CRP and D-dimer were observed in blood tests. In histology, epidermal necrolysis, separation of the epidermis and dermis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed. Therefore, he was diagnosed with an immune-mediated disease with necrolysis dermatitis. Case 3, a 12-year-old, spayed female Pomeranian, presented with severe systemic alopecia, pustule, and crust on the skin. The dog had received an infection treatment from a local hospital. Severe regenerative anemia (hematocrit 15.3%, negative saline agglutination test, negative slide agglutination test, negative Coomb's test, prominent spherocytes) elevated liver enzymes, and increased CRP and D-dimer were observed in blood tests. On histopathology of the skin, pustules, acantholytic cells, and inflammatory cells were observed in the keratin layer of the epithelium. Therefore, she was diagnosed withconcurrent with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. The 3 cases were diagnosed with fatal immune-mediated skin disease concurrently with hematological and systemic abnormalities. All the cases were treated with immune-suppressive drugs, prednisolone, and cyclosporine. In cases 2 and 3, the dogs also received human intravenous immunoglobulin as an immune modulator. The treatment was successful with significant improvements in all the 3 cases.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36118327/