Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Fungal culture and antifungal testing in cats and dogs
By Hanzlicek, Andrew S et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2023·Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Clinical utility of fungal culture and antifungal susceptibility in cats and dogs with histoplasmosis.
Plain-English summary
A group of 33 cats and 19 dogs diagnosed with histoplasmosis (a fungal infection) underwent testing to see how well fungal cultures could identify the infection and determine which antifungal medications would work best. The cultures were somewhat effective, especially in dogs, but they didn't provide much additional information when combined with other tests. For treatment, antifungal medications like itraconazole and voriconazole are likely to be effective, while fluconazole may not work well for some cases. Overall, the study suggests that while cultures can help, they aren't always necessary for diagnosing histoplasmosis.
People also search for: cat histoplasmosis treatment · dog fungal infection diagnosis · antifungal medication for cats and dogs
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Culture can be used for diagnosis and antifungal susceptibility testing in animals with fungal infections. Limited information is available regarding the diagnostic performance of culture and the susceptibility patterns of Histoplasma spp. isolates. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Describe the clinical utility of culture and the susceptibility patterns of Histoplasma spp. isolates causing histoplasmosis in cats and dogs. ANIMALS: Seventy-one client-owned animals, including 33 cats and 19 dogs with proven or probable histoplasmosis. METHODS: Culture was attempted from tissue or fluid samples. Diagnostic performance of culture, cytopathology, and antigen detection were compared with final diagnosis. Susceptibility to antifungal agents was determined for a subset (11 from dogs, 9 from cats) of culture isolates. RESULTS: Culture had a diagnostic sensitivity of 17/33 (52%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 34%-69%) and 15/19 (79%; 95% CI, 61%-97%) and specificity of 6/6 (100%; 95% CI, 54%-100%) and 10/10 (100%; 95% CI, 69%-100%) in cats and dogs, respectively. Culture was not positive in any animal in which cytopathology and antigen testing were negative. Target drug exposure (area under the concentration curve [AUC]/minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] >25) should be easily achieved for all isolates for itraconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole. Five of 20 (25%) isolates had fluconazole MIC ≥32 μg/mL and achieving target drug exposure is unlikely. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Fungal culture did not improve diagnostic sensitivity when used with cytopathology and antigen detection. Susceptibility testing might help identify isolates for which fluconazole is less likely to be effective.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37092675/