Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Effectiveness of two dog vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis
By Fernandes, Consuelo Barreto et al.·Published in Vaccine·2014·Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV), Brazil·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Comparison of two commercial vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from endemic areas: IgG, and subclasses, parasitism, and parasite transmission by xenodiagnosis.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of dogs in Brazil were vaccinated against visceral leishmaniasis, a serious disease spread by sandflies, to see how well two different vaccines worked. The dogs were monitored for any side effects and signs of the disease for nearly a year. While both vaccines showed similar effectiveness in preventing the disease, the Leishmune vaccine resulted in higher levels of protective antibodies and fewer adverse reactions compared to Leish-Tec. Overall, the study suggests that both vaccines can help protect dogs, but Leishmune may be the better option due to its safety profile.
People also search for: dog leishmaniasis vaccine · Leishmune vs Leish-Tec · side effects of leishmaniasis vaccine in dogs
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of zoonotic canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) would decrease if dogs were effectively vaccinated; however, additional data on the efficacy of canine vaccines are required for their approved preventative use. PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate vaccination outcomes using two products commercially available in Brazil, with respect to adverse reactions (reactogenicity), humoral response, disease signs, parasitism, and parasite infectiousness in naturally exposed pet dogs in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). METHODS: From 2010 to 2012, healthy dogs were vaccinated with Leishmune(®) (50 animals) or Leish-Tec(®) (50 animals). Each dog was examined to identify clinical signs during peri- and post-vaccination procedures every 2 months for 11 months to identify the presence of parasites or parasite DNA in splenic samples using culturing or PCR, respectively. Levels of anti-Leishmania IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 were quantified in sera by ELISA and infectiousness was assessed by xenodiagnosis. RESULTS: Adverse effects occurred in 2.2% (1/45) and 13.0% (6/46) of the animals in the Leishmune(®) and Leish-Tec(®) groups, respectively. IgG levels peaked on the 21st day following the first dose of Leishmune(®) and on the 21st day after the second dose of Leish-Tec(®). The final seropositivity rate for IgG was 32.5% (13/40) and 30.9% (13/42) in the Leishmune(®) and Leish-Tec(®) groups, respectively. The Leishmune(®) group presented higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2 compared to the Leish-Tec(®) group (p<0.001), and ELISA reactivity in both vaccinated groups was significantly lower (p<0.001) than in infected positive control dogs. Parasitism was observed in 12.2% (5/41) of the Leishmune(®) group, and 7.9% (3/38) of the Leish-Tec(®) group, with xenodiagnostic transmission rates of Leishmania to Lutzomyia longipalpis of 5.1% (2/39), and 5.4% (2/37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in dogs vaccinated with Leishmune(®) or Leish-Tec(®), with respect to LVC clinical aspects, parasitism, IgG seropositivity, or dog infectiousness. The Leishmune(®)-vaccinated animals presented higher levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2. The animals vaccinated with Leish-Tec(®) exhibited adverse reactions with greater frequency and severity.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24406392/