Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Diagnosing parvovirus in vaccinated dogs with infection signs
By Yip, Hiu Ying Esther et al.·Published in Viruses·2020·School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Australia·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Diagnostic Challenges in Canine Parvovirus 2c in Vaccine Failure Cases.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of dogs showing signs of parvovirus infection were tested to see how well different diagnostic methods worked, especially in vaccinated dogs. The tests revealed that vaccinated dogs had a lower chance of testing positive for the virus compared to unvaccinated dogs, but some vaccinated dogs still carried the virus. The study found that the most common strain affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs was CPV-2c. However, the standard faecal antigen test missed many cases, so negative results should be double-checked with more sensitive tests.
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Abstract
In this study, three different diagnostic tests for parvovirus were compared with vaccination status and parvovirus genotype in suspected canine parvovirus cases. Faecal samples from vaccinated (N17) and unvaccinated or unknown vaccination status (N41) dogs that had clinical signs of parvovirus infection were tested using three different assays of antigen tests, conventional and quantitative PCR tests. The genotype of each sample was determined by sequencing. In addition to the suspected parvovirus samples, 21 faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs were tested in three diagnostic tests to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. The antigen test was positive in 41.2% of vaccinated dogs and 73.2% of unvaccinated diseased dogs. Conventional PCR and qPCR were positive for canine parvovirus (CPV) in 82.4% of vaccinated dogs and 92.7% of unvaccinated dogs. CPV type-2c (CPV-2c) was detected in 82.75% of dogs (12 vaccinated and 36 unvaccinated dogs), CPV-2b was detected in 5.17% dogs (one vaccinated and two unvaccinated) and CPV-2a in 1.72% vaccinated dog. Meanvalues in qPCR for vaccinated dogs were higher than the unvaccinated dogs (= 0.049), suggesting that vaccinated dogs shed less virus, even in clinical forms of CPV. CPV-2c was the dominant subtype infecting dogs in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cases. Faecal antigen testing failed to identify a substantial proportion of CPV-2c infected dogs, likely due to low sensitivity. The faecal samples from apparently healthy dogs (= 21) showed negative results in all three tests. Negative CPV faecal antigen results should be viewed with caution until they are confirmed by molecular methods.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32899378/