Efficacy of NexGard® combo (esafoxolaner-eprinomectin-praziquantel) against natural Mammomonogamus ierei infection in cats.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Mammomonogamus ierei is a parasitic nematode that infects the nasal cavities and nasopharynx of cats in limited geographic areas. Despite reports of prevalence reaching up to 45% in cats in some regions, no studies have evaluated effective treatment options, highlighting the need for a validated therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of eprinomectin, as part of the topical combination product NexGard® Combo (esafoxolaner-eprinomectin-praziquantel), in treating naturally acquired M. ierei infections in cats. Efficacy against other gastro-intestinal parasites present also was assessed. METHODS: This was a randomized, negative control, continuous enrollment study using cats in a spay, neuter and release program. Pre-treatment fecal egg counts were used to stratify cats by infection intensity (low, medium, high) and to randomize them to the treatment (20 cats) or untreated control (6 cats) group. Treatment was as per the product label. Fecal samples were collected from day of treatment (day 0) up to day 8 and analyzed via double centrifugation using Sheather's flotation solution. Study participation for treated cats ended after obtaining 3 consecutive negative fecal results. Control cats were monitored for up to 8 days and then treated. RESULTS: 81 cats were screened to identify 26 M. ierei positive animals, with pretreatment counts ranging from 12 to 1107 eggs per gram of feces. Treatment was 100% effective in eliminating M. ierei eggs in the feces within 5 days. Other parasites present included Ancylostoma (all enrolled cats), Trichuris (17 treated and 5 control cats) and Physaloptera (1 treated cat). Fecal egg counts for Ancylostoma were negative within 7 days and there was a > 98% reduction in Trichuris within 8 days. The control cats remained positive. In the cat positive for Physaloptera, adults passed in feces 4 days post-treatment. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate the 100% efficacy, based on fecal egg counts, of eprinomectin, a macrocyclic lactone, administered topically as a single dose, against M. ierei in naturally infected cats. The results support the use of NexGard® Combo as an effective and practical treatment option, particularly suitable for feral or difficult-to-handle feline populations.