Cat jaw fractures and the challenges of surgical repair

Abstract

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Mandibular fractures occur commonly in cats and appropriate treatment is vital to ensure restoration of dental occlusion and masticatory function. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Historically, a relatively high complication rate has been reported in association with mandibular fracture repair, and these complications can represent a significant challenge for the veterinary surgeon. AUDIENCE: General practitioners as well as specialists in small animal surgery are presented with fractures of the mandible on a regular basis. PATIENT GROUP: Cats of all ages can suffer mandibular fracture; however, young cats (mean age 30 months) are over-represented. No sex predilection is reported. EQUIPMENT: The nature of the equipment required for mandibular fracture repair varies greatly, depending on the fracture type and location. An uncomplicated mandibular symphyseal fracture requires only basic orthopaedic equipment whereas the surgeon must ensure they have access to a wide range of orthopaedic equipment prior to undertaking repair of a complex mandibular fracture. EVIDENCE BASE: Management of mandibular fractures is a complex subject. Over the past three decades many fixation techniques have been described in the veterinary literature, with authors analysing and discussing the surgical management of these potentially challenging injuries.