Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
How electrolyte tests help diagnose and predict dog kidney injury
By Troìa, Roberta et al.·Published in Journal of veterinary internal medicine·2018·Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Italy·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Fractional excretion of electrolytes in volume-responsive and intrinsic acute kidney injury in dogs: Diagnostic and prognostic implications.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 135 dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) were evaluated to understand how measuring the fractional excretion of electrolytes could help diagnose and predict outcomes. The study found that dogs with intrinsic AKI had significantly higher levels of sodium excretion compared to those with volume-responsive AKI. Unfortunately, 41% of the dogs did not survive, and higher electrolyte levels were linked to a greater risk of death. The findings suggest that measuring these electrolyte levels can help veterinarians better manage dogs with AKI and predict their chances of recovery.
People also search for: dog acute kidney injury symptoms · dog kidney disease treatment · dog electrolyte levels and survival
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The value of fractional excretion (FE) of electrolytes to characterize and prognosticate acute kidney injury (AKI) is poorly documented in dogs. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of FE of electrolytes in dogs with AKI. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 135) with AKI treated with standard care (February 2014-December 2016). METHODS: Prospective study. Clinical and laboratory variables including FE of electrolytes, were measured upon admission. Dogs were graded according to the AKI-IRIS guidelines and grouped according to AKI features (volume-responsive, VR-AKI; intrinsic, I-AKI) and outcome (survivors/non-survivors). Group comparison and regression analyses with hazard ratios (HR) evaluation for I-AKI and mortality were performed. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Fifty-two of 135 (39%) dogs had VR-AKI, 69/135 (51%) I-AKI and 14/135 (10%) were unclassified. I-AKI dogs had significantly higher FE of electrolytes, for example, FE of sodium (FENa, %) 2.39 (range 0.04-75.81) than VR-AKI ones 0.24 (range 0.01-2.21; P < .001). Overall, case fatality was 41% (55/135). Increased FE of electrolytes were detected in nonsurvivors, for example, FENa 1.60 (range 0.03-75.81) compared with survivors 0.60 (range 0.01-50.45; P = .004). Several risk factors for death were identified, including AKI-IRIS grade (HR = 1.39, P = .002), FE of electrolytes, for example, FENa (HR = 1.03, P < .001), and urinary output (HR = 5.06, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Fractional excretion of electrolytes performed well in the early differentiation between VR-AKI and I-AKI, were related to outcome, and could be useful tools to manage AKI dogs in clinical practice.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29770972/