Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Signs and blood changes in dogs with lymphoma
By Maria Luisa Buffo de Cápua et al.·Published in Ciência Rural·2011
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Original publication title: Linfoma canino: clínica, hematologia e tratamento com o protocolo de Madison-Wisconsin Canine lymphoma: clinical and hematological aspects and treatment with the Madison-Wisconsin protocol
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 18 dogs diagnosed with lymphoma showed various symptoms, including swollen lymph nodes, decreased appetite, lethargy, and weight loss. Half of the dogs had the multicentric form of lymphoma, while a third had the skin form. They were treated with the Madison-Wisconsin chemotherapy protocol, which led to complete remission in 27% of the dogs, but only 22% survived for a year. The study found that anemia (low red blood cell count) was linked to shorter survival times, suggesting that many dogs were diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, which affected their treatment outcomes.
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Abstract
O linfoma é uma neoplasia de elevada incidência na população canina mundial, e que apresenta sinais clínicos diversos, dependentes da classificação anatômica e da extensão da doença. Este estudo objetivou avaliar as características clínicas e hematológicas de cães com linfoma no momento do diagnóstico, além da evolução clínica dos mesmos ao longo do tratamento com o protocolo de Madison-Wisconsin. Dos 18 cães inseridos no estudo, 50% apresentaram a forma multicêntrica da doença e 33% a forma cutânea. A manifestação clínica mais comum foi a linfadenomegalia superficial, acompanhada dos sinais sistêmicos de hiporexia, apatia e perda de peso. As principais alterações hematólogicas foram anemia normocítica normocrômica, trombocitopenia e leucocitose, associadas às síndromes paraneoplásicas. Vinte e sete por cento dos animais atingiram remissão completa da doença e apenas 22% atingiram sobrevida de um ano. Houve correlação positiva entre o valor do hematócrito e o tempo de sobrevida para os cães que morreram, demonstrando a influência da anemia no prognóstico dos animais. Sugere-se que o estágio avançado da doença no momento do diagnóstico tenha influenciado as baixas taxas de remissão e sobrevida obtidas neste estudo.<br>Lymphoma is a neoplasm of high incidence in dogs, and has several clinical signs, depending on the tumor anatomical area and the extent of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and hematological findings in dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis, and the clinical evolution during Madison-Wisconsin chemotherapy protocol. Of the 18 dogs that underwent the study, 50% of the dogs had the multicentric form and 33% the cutaneous forms of the disease. The most common clinical sign was superficial lymphadenomegaly, combined to systemic signs of hyporexia, apathy and weight loss. The main hematological changes were anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis, associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Complete remission was achieved in 27% of the animals and the one-year survival rate was 22%. There was a positive correlation between the hematocrit and survival time in dogs that died, which indicates the importance of anemia in the prognosis. It is suggested that the advanced stage of the disease may have contributed to the low remission and survival rates observed in this study.
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