Ozone therapy in veterinary medicine: A review.

Abstract

Ozone (O) is a triatomic form of oxygen. As Orapidly dissociates into water and releases a reactive form of oxygen that may oxidize cells, the gas mixture of O/Ois used in medicine. ATP is widely available for cellular activity. Ocan be administered via the systemic and local routes. Although Ois known as one of the most powerful oxidants, it also promotes antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it stimulates some of the cells of the immune system and inactivates pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, protozoa, and viruses. Owing to these activities, Ois used to improve several diseases, both in human and in veterinary medicine. Considering the wide scope of Oapplication, the aim of this review was to reiterate the mechanisms of action of Oand its utilization in different mammalian species (bovine, ovine-caprine, equine, canine, porcine).