Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
How oral chlorambucil is absorbed and cleared in cats
By Al-Nadaf, Sami et al.·Published in American journal of veterinary research·2022·Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, United States·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Population pharmacokinetics identifies rapid gastrointestinal absorption and plasma clearance of oral chlorambucil administered to cats with indolent lymphoproliferative malignancies.
- Species:
- cat
Plain-English summary
A group of 24 cats with a type of cancer called indolent lymphoproliferative malignancies were given a 2-mg dose of the chemotherapy drug chlorambucil. The study found that the drug was quickly absorbed into their bloodstream, reaching peak levels within just 15 minutes, and was cleared from their system in about 1.8 hours. The cats continued to receive this medication every other day, and their drug levels remained consistent over time without buildup. This information helps veterinarians understand how chlorambucil works in cats and can guide future treatments for similar conditions.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To establish the pharmacokinetics of a single 2-mg oral dose of chlorambucil in cats with indolent lymphoproliferative malignancies. ANIMALS: 24 client-owned cats. PROCEDURES: Cats were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, with each group having a total of 3 sample collection time points over 12 hours after receiving a single 2-mg oral dose of chlorambucil. Each time point combined to generate 6 full patient plasma chlorambucil concentration-time curves from the 24 cats. Chlorambucil treatment was continued every other day and a single, variably timed sample collection was obtained on day 14. Population parameter estimates were obtained by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Covariates investigated included age, sex, baseline serum cobalamin, study location, weight, and body condition score. RESULTS: Chlorambucil administered orally to cats was found to have a peak plasma concentration of approximately 170 ng/mL (SE, 31.1 ng/mL), percent coefficient of variation (%CV) of 18.4% within 15 minutes, and a terminal half-life of 1.8 hours (SE, 0.21 hour; %CV, 12.4). At the 4-hour mark, a smaller secondary peak in plasma chlorambucil was found. Day 14 samples were similar to those of the initial dose. No covariates showed a significant effect in the population model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In these cats, chlorambucil at a 2-mg dose administered every other day undergoes rapid gastrointestinal absorption and plasma clearance with no drug accumulation between doses. These data are critical to inform future work investigating the association of chlorambucil drug exposure with adverse events and outcome of cats with lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36155936/