Prevalence of new-onset diabetes following COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

<h4>Aim</h4>To estimate the prevalence of new-onset diabetes in adults (≥ 18 years) following SARS-CoV-2 infection.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>This meta-analysis includes studies written in English that measured the number of adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies underwent dual independent review; quality was assessed by using the New Castle Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the pooled estimate of new-onset diabetes. To understand the relationship between patient characteristics (age, sex) and study variable (duration of follow-up), a random effects meta-regression was used.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 33 articles were retained for analysis. The overall estimated prevalence of new-onset diabetes (combined T1DM and T2DM or undefined) was 8.33% (95% CI 7.47, 9.18%, z = 19.04, p < 0.001; Q = 6791.24, I², 99.68%). The overall estimated prevalence of new-onset T2DM in COVID-19 was 8.92% (95% CI 7.88%, 9.96%, z = 16.77, p < 0.001; Q = 27659.74; p < 0.001, I² = 99.96%). The overall estimated prevalence of new-onset T1DM was 0.86% (95% CI 0.0072%, 0.0099%, z = 12.59, p < 0.001; Q = 9456.28; p < 0.001, I² = 99.94%). At the study level, there was no significant relationship identified with age, sex, or follow-up duration.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a notable increase in T2DM or combined (T1DM, T2DM, or undefined) conditions. As such, it may be important to understand the underlying factors contributing to increased prevalence.