How prostaglandin E2 affects immune response in dogs

Abstract

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by the intracellular parasite Leishmania infantum. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE) exerts potent regulatory effects on the immune system in experimental model Leishmania infection, but this influence has not yet been studied in CanL. In this study, PGEand PGEreceptor levels and the regulatory effect of PGEon arginase activity, NO, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α and parasite load were evaluated in cultures of splenic leucocytes obtained from dogs with CanL in the presence of agonists and inhibitors. Our results showed that splenic leucocytes from dogs with CanL had lower EP2 receptor levels than those of splenic leucocytes from healthy animals. We observed that NOlevels decreased when the cells were treated with a PGEreceptor agonist (EP1/EP2/EP3) or COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) and that TNF-α, IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokine levels decreased when the cells were treated with a PGEreceptor agonist (EP2) or PGEitself. The parasite load in splenic leucocyte cell cultures from dogs with CanL decreased after stimulation of the cells with PGE. We conclude that Leishmania infection of dogs modulates PGEreceptors and speculate that the binding of PGEto its receptors may activate the microbicidal capacity of cells.