Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia movement disorder explained
By Mandigers, Paul J J et al.·Published in Frontiers in veterinary science·2024·Department of Clinical Sciences, Netherlands·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia-a review.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A dog with paroxysmal dyskinesia (PD) experiences sudden, uncontrolled movements that can last from seconds to hours, but they remain conscious during these episodes. There are different types of PD, including those triggered by movement, those that happen at rest, and those linked to fatigue. Diagnosing PD typically involves observing the dog's symptoms and may include video recordings of the episodes. Treatment options vary depending on the cause, which can be genetic, reactive to medications or toxins, or due to other health issues. With appropriate management, many dogs can see improvement in their symptoms.
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Abstract
Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a group of involuntary, hyperkinetic movement disorders that recur episodically and may last seconds to hours. An important feature of PD is that there is no loss of consciousness during the episode. Using a clinical classification, three main types of PDs have been distinguished in canine PD: (1) paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) that commences after (sudden) movements, (2) paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) not associated with exercise and can occur at rest, and (3) paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia (PED) associated with fatigue. Canine PDs are diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, history, and phenomenology. For the latter, a video recording of the paroxysmal event is extremely useful. An etiological classification of canine PDs includes genetic (proven and suspected), reactive (drug-induced, toxic, metabolic, and dietary), structural (neoplasia, inflammatory, and other structural causes), and unknown causes. In this review, an overview of all reported canine PDs is provided with emphasis on phenotype, genotype, and, where possible, pathophysiology and treatment for each reported canine PD.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39119350/