Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Pain and heart effects of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine in dogs
By Cardozo, Haiumy G et al.·Published in Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia·2024·Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brazil·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Influence of intravenous fentanyl or dexmedetomidine infusions, combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on cardiovascular response, sevoflurane requirement and postoperative pain in dogs anesthetized for unilateral mastectomy.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A group of 29 female dogs with mammary tumors underwent surgery to remove the tumors and were given either a combination of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine along with lidocaine and ketamine for pain management during anesthesia. The dogs that received dexmedetomidine had better blood pressure stability and required less medication to treat low blood pressure compared to those that received fentanyl. Both groups experienced minimal pain after surgery, with very few needing extra pain relief. Overall, the dexmedetomidine combination showed promising results for maintaining cardiovascular health during surgery.
People also search for: dog mammary tumor surgery · pain management for dogs · dexmedetomidine vs fentanyl in dogs
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of constant rate infusions (CRI) of fentanyl or dexmedetomidine, combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on cardiovascular response during surgery, sevoflurane requirement and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing mastectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. ANIMALS: A total of 29 female dogs with mammary tumors. METHODS: Premedication consisted of intramuscular acepromazine and morphine. General anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Dogs were randomized to be administered intravenous DLK [dexmedetomidine 1 μg kgloading dose (LD) and 1 μg kghour; lidocaine 2 mg kgLD and 3 mg kghour; ketamine 1 mg kgLD and 0.6 mg kghour; n = 14] or FLK (fentanyl 5 μg kgLD and 9 μg kghour; same doses of lidocaine and ketamine; n = 15) during anesthesia. Cardiorespiratory variables and end-tidal sevoflurane (Fe'Sevo) were recorded during surgery. The number of dogs administered ephedrine to treat arterial hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg] was recorded. Meloxicam was administered to both groups. Postoperative pain and rescue analgesia requirement were assessed for 24 hours using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. Data were compared using a mixed effects model or a Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: More dogs required ephedrine in FLK than in DLK (67% versus 7%). Heart rate was not significantly different between groups, whereas lower values of MAP (p ≤ 0.01) and Fe'Sevo (p = 0.018) were observed in FLK than in DLK. Rescue analgesia was administered to 2/15 dogs in FLK and 0/14 dogs in DLK. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on the cardiovascular response during surgery, intraoperative infusions of FLK and DLK provided adequate antinociception. Infusion of DLK provided greater stability of blood pressure. Both protocols resulted in minimal need for additional analgesia within 24 hours postoperatively.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744657/