Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Mammary tumors in male dogs are very rare but often cancerous
By Miranda, Fernanda Freitas et al.·Published in Topics in companion animal medicine·2025·Department of General Pathology, Brazil·View original on PubMed →
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Original publication title: Mammary neoplasms in male dogs: A 24-year descriptive study.
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
A 9-year-old male dog was diagnosed with a rare mammary tumor, which is uncommon in male dogs, making up less than 1% of all tumors. Out of four cases studied, three were found to be malignant, with one showing signs of spreading. The tumors were linked to hormone receptor activity, suggesting a potential role in their development. Early detection is important for better outcomes, but many cases are diagnosed late due to their rarity. Treatment options are being explored to improve care for these unusual tumors.
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Abstract
Mammary neoplasms in male dogs are as rare as in humans, accounting for <1% of all tumors. In a descriptive review of cases diagnosed between 2000 and June 2024, 2,172 mammary neoplasms were identified, of which only four (0.18%) occurred in male dogs. The patients ranged in age from 8 to 11 years, with a mean age of 9.7 years. Histopathological analysis revealed that 75% (3/4) of the cases were malignant, while 25% (1/4) were benign. Among the malignant cases, only one patient exhibited regional metastases. Two patients had concurrent testicular neoplasia, both diagnosed as Leydig cell tumors. Malignant histological subtypes included carcinosarcoma, tubular carcinoma, and carcinoma within a mixed tumor. The only benign tumor identified was a benign mixed tumor. All malignant neoplasms exhibited high expression of hormone receptors, highlighting their potential role in tumor development. Additionally, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor, was observed. Early diagnosis is crucial for improving prognosis; however, due to the rarity of this condition, diagnosis is often delayed. These findings emphasize the occurrence of these neoplasms in male dogs, and report on complementary techniques to improve therapeutic strategies.
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Search related cases →Original publication on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40374161/